1. Plastic akụrụngwa. Ihe eji eme ihe a na-emekarị bụ mineral ụrọ, silicate a nwere usoro dị larịị, obere irighiri ihe, ma nwee ụfọdụ plastik. Mgbe ị na-eme ceramics, ọ ga-enwe ọrụ nke bonding na plasticizing, nke mere na grouting nwere ike ịmepụta ngwa ngwa, nke mere na oghere ahụ nwekwara ike ịmepụta ngwa ngwa, ma n'otu oge ahụ nwere ike na-esi ike chemical na thermal kwụsie ike.
2. Akụrụngwa efu. Enwere isi ihe atọ, gụnyere nnu nwere oxygen, aluminom oxides, silicon oxides, wdg, na ihe ndị dị na ịnweta mineral abụghị plastik. Mgbe ị na-eme ceramics, ọ ga-arụ ọrụ nke ibelata viscosity, nke mere na viscosity nke oghere na-ebelata. A na-ejikọta ụfọdụ quartz na iko feldspar iji zere nrụrụ okpomọkụ.
3. Flux akụrụngwa. Mineral components dị ka alkali ọla, oxygen-nwere salts na oxides nke alkaline ụwa ọla bụ isi ọrụ, na isi ọrụ bụ inyere agbaze, na na ala nke elu okpomọkụ agbaze, ụfọdụ kaolin na quartz nwere ike etisasịwo, nke mere iji nweta nzube nke elu okpomọkụ cimentation. Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ granite, dolomite na feldspar.
4. Ngwa akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụkwa ihe eji eme ceramik, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu, ọ dịkwa mkpa. N'ime usoro ịme ceramik, ịtinye ọnụ ọgụgụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke akụrụngwa ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ụfọdụ, melite usoro ahụ, ma welie ọdịdị na uru zuru ezu.
